Gene - Basic unit of heredity in living organism
DNA - Molecules of inheritance and made up of a series of genes
Allele - alternative form of gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position in a specific chromosome.
Locus - the position of a gene on the chromosome
Diploid Number in humans is 46 in any human cell undergoing mitosis
the haploid number of chromosomes in humans is 23 undergoing meiosis. these haploid set of chromosomes are found in the gametes
SIMMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE OF A CHROMOSOME
Similarities:
- identical locus (loci)
- same length, same gene
- same position of the centremere
Differences:
- contains different allelic form of genes
- one pair comes from male and the other pair comes from the female parent,
2 types of nuclear division:
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
MITOSIS
produces Genetically identical cells
Benefits of Mitosis:
- Genetic stability
- growth
- cell replacement
- regeneration
MEIOSIS
divides into 4 daughter nuclei, each containing half the number of chromosome number compared to the parent cell
Importance of Meiosis:
- enables the chromosomes numbers of sexually produced species be kept constant from one generation to another
CELL CYCLE
- Sequence of events that happens before cell division OR Period between one cell division and the next *Definition*
3 Main Stage
*Interphase
- G1 - Cell grows rapidly, organelles are synthesized
- S - Synthesis of DNA, Replication of 2 sister cromatins from each chromosomes
- G2 - Further organelle synthesis, centrioles replicates, and the formation of mitotic spindles
*Mitosis
*Cell Division or Cytokinesis
Here are some useful videos to further your
understanding on this topic:
(stages of mitosis)
